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Nearly 400 years ago, Robert Burton recommended the use of cannabis to\ntreat depression in his book \"The Anatomy of Melancholy.\" Although much\nof what Burton wrote can be disregarded -- for example, he claimed that\nspirits, witches, stars and magicians cause depression -- research is\nnow supporting his treatment recommendation.

\n

Depression Facts

\n

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders in the\nworld. The World Health Organization\n(WHO) estimates\nthat 350 million people worldwide are affected by depression. In the\nUnited States, approximately 16 million\nadults,\nor about 6.9 percent of the population, have at least one major\ndepressive episode each year.

\n

According to the\nWHO, depression\nresults from \"a complex interaction of social, psychological and\nbiological factors.\" Risk factors include:

\n\n

The Depressed Brain

\n

Patients with major depression and bipolar disorder have been found to\nhave structural\nchanges\nin areas of their brains that control mood and memory, including the\nhippocampus, the thymus and the amygdala. In depressed patients for\nexample, the hippocampus is smaller and the number of nerve cells are\nreduced.

\n

Neurotransmitters,\nchemicals that relay messages between nerve cells, may also be affected\nby depression. This is the theory behind most anti-depressive\nmedications today. For instance, low levels of serotonin, which helps\nregulate mood, sleep and appetite, have been linked to\nsuicide.\nSelective serotonin uptake\ninhibitors,\nsuch as Paxil® and Zoloft®, help replace the missing serotonin.

\n

Depression and Endocannabinoids

\n

The endocannabinoid system in the body produces chemicals that are\ninvolved in appetite, pain sensation, memory and mood, among other\nthings. A recent\nstudy\nfound that chronic stress reduces endocannabinoid production. This\nfinding suggests that tetrahydrocannabinol in medical marijuana may help\ncombat depression, caused by chronic stress, by supplementing lacking\nendocannabinoids.

\n

Marijuana Use and Depression

\n

There has been some\nspeculation\nthat recreational marijuana is linked to depression, but researchers are\nnow finding this may be related more to the state of the user prior to\ntaking marijuana than to its actual use. In a large\nstudy\nof 4400 respondents, researchers found that occasional and chronic users\nof marijuana reported less depression than those who had never used the\ndrug.

\n

While Burton may have gotten his science wrong with regard to the causes\nof depression, his anecdotal evidence of the effects of cannabis on\ndepression are now proving valid.

\n

Photo Credit.

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