{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/hivaids/","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_2006-markdown","title":"Marinol Versus Cannabis: Which Is More Effective?","slug":"marinol-versus-cannabis-which-is-more-effective","content":"Cannabis and Marinol are both possible treatments for the side effects\r\nof chemotherapy and the symptoms of AIDS. Each option has its own\r\nbenefits and drawbacks. However, cannabis may be a more effective\r\ntreatment for many patients, as it has extra therapeutic properties\r\ncompared to Marinol.\r\n\r\nWhat is Marinol?\r\n----------------\r\n\r\nMarinol is a synthetic form of THC, one of the main psychoactive\r\ncomponents of cannabis. In May 1985, the FDA approved Marinol as a\r\nprescription medication for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused\r\nby chemotherapy. It can also [stimulate\r\nappetite](http://www.drugs.com/marinol.html), which led to the FDA\r\nextending the approval to AIDS patients suffering from anorexia and\r\nweight loss.\r\n\r\nHow Does Marinol Differ From Cannabis?\r\n--------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe active ingredient of Marinol is dronabinol, which is a synthetic\r\nform of THC. Marijuana contains many active compounds in addition to\r\nTHC. These include cannabidol (CBD), cannabinol, cannabichromine,\r\ncannabigerol, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and various oils.\r\nResearch has identified [66 naturally occurring chemical\r\ncompounds](http://norml.org/component/zoo/category/marinol-vs-natural-cannabis)\r\nin cannabis, many of which are known as cannabinoids.\r\n\r\nCBD has many potentially beneficial effects, which are not provided by\r\nMarinol. CBD has anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory\r\nproperties. It also reduces anxiety and tackles psychosis, as well as\r\n[suppressing the growth of\r\ntumors](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10700234) in some situations.\r\n\r\nCannabinol is also an anticonvulsant, while cannabichromine acts as an\r\nantidepressant. Both these compounds can reduce inflammation, as can\r\nmany of the flavonoids, oils, and phenols found in cannabis.\r\n\r\nIs Cannabis or Marinol More Effective?\r\n--------------------------------------\r\n\r\nBoth cannabis and Marinol bring benefits to some people. However,\r\nMarinol has some key downsides compared to marijuana. Firstly, Marinol\r\nis more expensive than medical marijuana, which puts it out of reach of\r\nmany patients. More importantly, Marinol also causes unwanted side\r\neffects for many users, while offering only limited benefits compared to\r\nthe natural plant. The [side effects of\r\nMarinol](http://www.drugs.com/sfx/marinol-side-effects.html) include\r\ndrowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, clumsiness and trouble thinking\r\nclearly.\r\n\r\nTHC is the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Therefore, users of\r\nMarinol, which is a pure synthetic form of THC, often experience a\r\n\"high\" feeling when taking the drug. While feeling high is also a\r\nwell-known effect of taking cannabis, the other cannabinoids in\r\nmarijuana temper the effects of the THC, reducing negative psychological\r\nside effects such as anxiety. Therefore, the psychological experience is\r\noften better for people who take natural marijuana than for those who\r\ntake synthetic THC.\r\n\r\nThe other benefit of marijuana is that patients can\r\n[consume](http://www.prweb.com/releases/-medical-marijuana-/-information-san-francisc/prweb9700402.htm)\r\nit in a variety of ways, including inhalation, oral ingestion,\r\nvaporization, or in a cream or oil. In contrast, Marinol is only\r\ncurrently available in the form of gelatin capsules, which come in\r\ndosages of 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg. Each oral pill can take up to an hour\r\nto have an effect, which means that it can be difficult for patients to\r\ndetermine the right dosage. Vaporization of medical marijuana has an\r\nimmediate effect, helping patients to get quick relief from their\r\nsymptoms without the risk of taking a dose that is too strong. The fact\r\nthat the drug doesn't have to be swallowed is also an important benefit\r\nfor patients who are struggling with nausea or vomiting.\r\n\r\nThe oral administration of Marinol poses further problems. After passing\r\nthrough the digestive system, Marinol absorbs into the bloodstream and\r\npasses to the liver. The liver metabolizes Marinol into a plethora of\r\nother chemicals, including\r\n[11-hydroxy-THC](http://norml.org/component/zoo/category/marinol-vs-natural-cannabis),\r\nwhich is four or five times as strong as natural THC. This could explain\r\nwhy so many Marinol users report that its psychoactive effects are much\r\ngreater than those of natural cannabis. The lack of CBD, which reduces\r\nanxiety, could also contribute to the problem.\r\n\r\nWhat is Marinol Used For?\r\n-------------------------\r\n\r\nThe\r\n[FDA](http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/05n0479/05N-0479-emc0004-04.pdf)\r\nhas approved Marinol as a treatment for lack of appetite and weight loss\r\nin patients with AIDS. The drug is also approved as a treatment for\r\nnausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, but only for cancer patients\r\nwho have not responded to conventional anti-nausea treatments.\r\n\r\nThere are many situations in which the FDA advises against the use of\r\nMarinol. For example, Marinol must be used with caution in patients who\r\nhave heart disorders, as well as those with depression, mania,\r\nschizophrenia or a history of substance abuse. There are also possible\r\ninteractions with many other drugs, including alcohol and\r\nbenzodiazepines, which can make Marinol unsuitable for some patients.\r\n\r\nMarinol or Marijuana?\r\n---------------------\r\n\r\nThere is increasing evidence that marijuana is a more effective\r\ntreatment than Marinol for a range of conditions, including the side\r\neffects of chemotherapy and the symptoms of AIDS. The other compounds in\r\nmarijuana, such as cannabidol, cannabinol, and terpenoids, offer\r\nbenefits that extend far beyond those offered by THC, including pain\r\nrelief and a decrease in anxiety. Cancer and AIDS patients often\r\nexperience pain, in addition to the nausea and anorexia that THC can\r\ntreat.\r\n\r\nPerhaps the most important argument for using marijuana rather than\r\nMarinol is that the natural plant often causes far fewer side effects,\r\nparticularly psychoactive side effects such as anxiety. FDA approval for\r\nmedical marijuana could allow sufferers of cancer and AIDS to benefit\r\nfrom the entourage effect of cannabis, where the various compounds in\r\ncannabis work together to create an overall beneficial effect.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5151515151515151,"src":"/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/14b42/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.jpg","srcSet":"/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/f836f/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.jpg 200w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/2244e/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.jpg 400w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/14b42/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.jpg 800w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/47498/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.jpg 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/58556/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/61e93/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.webp 200w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/1f5c5/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.webp 400w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/58556/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.webp 800w,\n/static/965cd62d0e9f5ac7ac0d21bf36e4ef7d/99238/6fdb01f8ef089b281702ea464a70efb1.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1912-markdown","title":"Top 14 Marijuana Strains for Different Kinds of Pain","slug":"top-14-marijuana-strains-for-different-kinds-of-pain","content":"Two studies paint a grim picture of the American landscape when it comes to pain and pain management. \n\nAccording to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, approximately [100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain](http://www.nap.edu/read/13172/chapter/2), defined as pain that lasts for weeks or months. Often this is due to an underlying medical issue such as inflammation, migraines, fibromyalgia or spinal injury, to name a few.\n\nMeanwhile, the Centers for Disease Control report that between 2001 and 2003, there was a [three-fold increase in the total number of deaths from opioid overdose](http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates), often prescribed as pain relievers. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Clinical Trials Show Marijuana Reduces Intensity of Pain\n\nThe good news is that an increasing number of medical organizations acknowledge the benefits of medical marijuana for pain management. \n\n* A 2011 UCSF study led by Dr. Donald Abrams observed the effect of cannabis when combined with certain opiates  and found that [after being exposed to vaporized cannabis for four days, participants reported increased pain relief](http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2011/12/11077/ucsf-study-finds-medical-marijuana-could-help-patients-reduce-pain-opiates) even though morphine levels in the bloodstream decreased, while oxycodone levels remained unchanged.\n* In a study conducted by Dr. Kevin Hill from Harvard Medical School, six trials suggested that [medical marijuana was an effective pain reliever](http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2338266) on patients suffering from chronic pain, neuropathic pain and multiple sclerosis. \n* In his study at the McGill University Health Centre and published by the _Canadian Medical Association Journal_, Mark Ware found that [an inhalation of 25 mg\nof medical cannabis with 9.5% THC helped reduce the intensity of pain](http://www.cmaj.ca/content/182/14/E694.abstract) over four years for patients suffering from non-cancer pain. \n\n### So Which Type of Marijuana Is Best for Pain Relief? \n\nGenerally, cannabis strains with high percentages of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are most effective at pain relief. \n\n![Blueberry Kush](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-e182ab45-d6e7-4f4a-bed1-147a7b35724f/original.jpg)\n**Blueberry Kush**\n\nBlueberry Kush is a hybrid strain that features a blueberry aroma and dark green buds and has been widely used as part of a pain management regimen. \n\n![White Widow](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-28da2679-f8ef-49d5-926d-eb8f5458d08f/original.jpg)\n**White Widow**\n\nAnother strain that's been getting attention when it comes to generalized pain is the Auto White Widow. The strain is also helpful for those suffering from insomnia and depression.\n\n### Try Grand Daddy Purple or Blue Dream for Migraines\n\n![Grand Daddy Purple](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-fbc47669-a0e9-4095-8ff8-82ecfa007120/original.jpg)\n**Grand Daddy Purple**\n\nTo treat migraines, Grand Daddy Purple is an indica strain that delivers cerebral euphoria to relieve headaches. \n\n![Blue Dream](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-2fa7b263-e137-45a2-8621-de65ffb6fb38/original.jpg)\n**Blue Dream**\n\nSimilarly, many migraine sufferers swear by the pain-relieving properties of Blue Dream. This hybrid strain can ease the user into cerebral invigoration and body relaxation.\n\n### Master Kush & AK-47 Help Treat Arthritis\n\n![Master Kush](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-72472879-c2b4-4d8e-868d-99656083af9e/original.jpg)\n**Master Kush**\n\nMaster Kush has been doing wonders for patients suffering from arthritic pain. This strain provides a visual high before gradually providing full-body relaxation.\n \n![AK-47](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-6fee646a-f238-47c4-856b-45a418d93619/original.jpg)\n**AK-47**\n\nAlso used for arthritis, AK-47 is a popular strain with a high THC content. This sativa-dominant strain provides alertness along\nwith pain relief. \n\n### Combat Menstrual Cramps With Acapulco Gold or Alaskan Ice\n\n![Acapulco Gold](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-39afbcc3-79a3-410e-955b-d79e029627e0/original.jpg)\n**Acapulco Gold**\n\nAcapulco Gold is widely used by women suffering from menstrual cramps. This plant, whose buds resemble gold, has a 23% THC content.\n\n![Alaskan Ice](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-ab1c3bf3-b63b-4795-a5dc-09cbbf7c946e/original.jpg)\n**Alaskan Ice**\n\nAlaskan Ice is another option to consider when it comes to relieving the pain associated with menstrual cramps, as this potent sativa strain provides a euphoric high.\n\n### Critical Mass & Ace of Spades Help With Fibromyalgia\n\n![Critical Mass](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-99c1c352-0594-4ef2-8749-7db2562ad7fe/original.jpg)\n**Critical Mass**\n\nCritical Mass is a combination of Skunk #1 and Afghani strains and has a THC level of 19-22%, making it a good choice for treating fibromyalgia pain. \n\n![Ace of Spades](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-e89e3e9c-96d2-4500-a95d-e7a901c5659a/original.jpg)\n**Ace of Spades**\n\nAce of Spades is another strain to consider using for a wide range of medical symptoms and conditions including fibromyalgia\npain.\n\n### Spinal Injury Sufferers Should Try Purple Haze or Khalifa Kush\n\n![Purple Haze](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-49c3df0c-19a9-43da-964a-368070739a51/original.jpg)\n**Purple Haze**\n\nPatients suffering from spinal injury will like the euphoria-inducing effect of Purple Haze. This purplish plant has green and orange undertones with an earthy smell. \n\n![Khalifa Kush](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-3ae5c67f-6637-4f76-b869-aa498f5855f8/original.jpg)\n**Khalifa Kush**\n\nKhalifa Kush is also a good option for those who want to be up and running all throughout the day, as it provides an energy boost. This medical cannabis also leaves the patient with distinct cerebral buzz to help alleviate the pain.\n\n### Start With Mendo Purps & Bhang Skywalker OG if You Have MS\n\n![Mendo Purps](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-284f313d-9e74-4f81-ba40-34906bfde07f/original.jpg)\n**Mendo Purps**\n\nMendo Purps is an indica-dominant cannabis strain used to treat the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It can also help relieve muscle spasms and fatigue. \n\n![Bhang Skywalker OG](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/articles-562150d03232620006450000-efe04a89-3972-462b-9ba1-0c2e8abd7e57/original.jpg)\n**Bhang Skywalker OG**\n\nIf you’re new to medical marijuana and want the therapeutic effects of the plant, you can\nalso try Bhang Skywalker OG, a strain with coconut oil that's infused with 25-35% THC, making it a strong sedative and a popular pain reliever.\n\nA growing body of scientific data now backs up the anecdotal evidence that medical marijuana relieves pain, helps folks stay focused and improves their overall quality of life. It may\nalso be an important weapon in the fight against opioid addiction. The key is finding the right strain to combat your pain so that you can live your best life—pain free.\n\n[Main Photo Credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/16210667@N02/9048590552/in/photolist-eMAoHW-bMntm-pQK2Ky-6J712H-8GpStT-9ZfBdP-8YgykV-jKBJtD-cq5vN7-eQ8SWp-7zF9jE-obwhvp-qYjA-3fCcUW-83KDDP-aLLLFc-nmqGR2-b5c3wM-6aMj5E-gH5cK4-gH59cn-pEU9mf-qhCRBQ-5YLeJp-62gr3v-aihCSC-9542b3-4tQDV1-aihCUy-9vCsAM-9EAdyE-ftq9RZ-TtxC2-dx6zu6-gjQqwC-m1HWCQ-95oQHQ-eDFDHf-9Pr2c7-ayqLuo-8Z4Ze9-rZERyb-83NLT9-83KExK-5J6NHw-5p4bNo-69hHvm-69dwor-NUCJL-7Cycuq)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5151515151515151,"src":"/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/14b42/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.jpg","srcSet":"/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/f836f/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.jpg 200w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/2244e/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.jpg 400w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/14b42/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.jpg 800w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/47498/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.jpg 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/58556/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/61e93/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.webp 200w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/1f5c5/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.webp 400w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/58556/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.webp 800w,\n/static/7a0066590e4356496a55e825f2576f74/99238/e9096d4eb8f9047db354a090a9ef9252.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1918-markdown","title":"Canadian HIV/AIDS Researchers Support Medical Marijuana Over Opioids","slug":"canadian-hivaids-researchers-support-medical-marijuana-over-opioids","content":"Vancouver-based HIV/AIDS researchers argue in a newly published editorial that Canadian doctors should use medical marijuana instead of frequently abused opioids to treat patients with neuropathic pain, as well as many other conditions that cannabis has been proven to help with. \n\n### Doctors Frustrated by Slow Government Action on Cannabis\n\nDr. Thomas Kerr, Dr. Julio Montaner and Research Associate Stephanie Lake of the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS [accused the Canadian Medical Association of ignoring peer-reviewed cannabis studies](https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/researchers-urge-medical-marijuana-over-opioids-to-treat-neuropathic-pain/article26733746/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&). According to Dr. Kerr, five recent randomized control trials and two systemic reviews found that cannabis helps with neuropathic pain. However, doctors still don’t like to prescribe medical marijuana as it hasn’t been approved by Health Canada, the government department that oversees healthcare issues in the country. \n\nRELATED: [CANADIAN PRIME MINISTER’S CASE FOR MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/576ead4d16f3ba0007000174/canadian-prime-ministers-case-for-marijuana-legalization)\n\n“The evidence supporting the therapeutic use of cannabis is actually much stronger than the use of other drugs that are used to treat the same condition and it also seems, in many cases, that cannabis has a more favorable side-effect profile,” Dr. Kerr said. He also mentioned that opioids such as oxycodone, morphine and hydromorphine are increasingly prescribed and contributed to almost half of all overdose deaths in the country.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en) \n\n### Medicinal Marijuana Effective at Reducing Opioid-Related Deaths\n\nDr. Kerr also commented, “Opioids are killing people right now. There is no association with cannabis and mortality, and yet North America is in the midst of, really, what is a public-health emergency associated to opioid deaths. If doctors prescribed more cannabis to those with chronic pain, they may cut down on these deaths.” \n\nResearch in the U.S. shows that fatal overdoses dropped by 25% in states that enacted medicinal marijuana laws. Dr. Kerr states that medicinal cannabis has also proven to relieve spasticity and the wasting associated with HIV/AIDS, as well as nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.\n\n[Photo Credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/violet96/7478658228/in/photolist-coS5xf-rnUHWR-k3cKpU-6vmHTU-4UAxsu-6KMfsR-h38Qpq-7QsAJW-7bcPXT-cKkPXf-66FtVn-xKMDVo-6XozFo-7sZEn-4Ytuaq-9GQvPh-aiwvq5-a2MB7-nncmcJ-7PV2vn-9zmihK-5SMf14-oNSA6d-yB6nFy-yMzfSL-qCvPtp-7MeiXE-obco3j-9Viurb-sejH16-52uHAv-pp7YBE-goCmpj-sGS1UD-iCT7CE-4QTDnm-veQ41f-5JywNQ-hgrWBb-zeen7c-pb9vUY-6CWBgP-cfLSYC-6mdMbb-d2RuYE-dwLgYp-wN61eQ-pLM4Fq-aWz48r-8yYFSu)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.\n\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/14b42/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.jpg","srcSet":"/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/f836f/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.jpg 200w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/2244e/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.jpg 400w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/14b42/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.jpg 800w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/47498/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.jpg 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/58556/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/61e93/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.webp 200w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/1f5c5/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.webp 400w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/58556/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.webp 800w,\n/static/7a9d248d4d3d457dbf20a2a31e1a1776/99238/eb633f281be5f375c92cb30fe2013d5c.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1943-markdown","title":"Cannabinoids and the Immune System","slug":"cannabinoids-and-the-immune-system","content":"For those familiar with cannabinoids, their fascinating interactions\r\nwith the human body are probably old news. Their effects on the immune\r\nsystem, however, may not be as well-known. According to new research,\r\ncannabinoids may have an important balancing role that allows the immune\r\nsystem to function at maximum efficiency.\r\n\r\nWhat Are Cannabinoids?\r\n----------------------\r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en) \r\n\r\nTo put it simply,\r\n[cannabinoids](https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/cannabinoids-101-what-makes-cannabis-medicine)\r\nare the chemical compounds that are components of the cannabis plant.\r\nThey have long been used in medical circles to treat symptoms ranging\r\nfrom pain to inflammation. Today, they're also gaining popularity for\r\ntheir positive effects on the human immune system.\r\n\r\nThere are many varieties of cannabinoids, including\r\n[phytocannabinoids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid# Phytocannabinoids),\r\nwhich are found in cannabis and several other plants, and synthetic\r\ncannabinoids, which are manufactured in a lab.\r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_/?hl=en) \r\n\r\nWhat Is the ECS?\r\n----------------\r\n\r\nThe [endogenous cannabinoid\r\nsystem](http://norml.org/library/item/introduction-to-the-endocannabinoid-system),\r\nalso known as ECS, is a complex network of lipids and receptors.\r\nEndocannabinoids and their respective receptors are produced naturally\r\nby the body and are located in the brain, connective tissues, glands,\r\nand, notably, the cells of the immune system. These receptors are\r\ndesigned to interact actively with cannabinoids in a variety of ways.\r\n\r\nRecently, scientists have discovered that cannabinoids derived from the\r\ncannabis plant can actually help the ECS to function at optimal levels,\r\nthus promoting optimal health. This is especially important due to the\r\nfact that ECS receptors have a direct effect on bodily functions such as\r\nhunger, pain sensation, mood, memory, appetite, blood sugar levels, and\r\nthe immune system.\r\n\r\nThe ECS and Its Ties to the Immune System\r\n-----------------------------------------\r\n\r\nStudy of the ECS has revealed that cannabinoids can act as\r\n[neuromodulators](http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Neuromodulators)\r\nfor a wide assortment of human processes, including learning, appetite,\r\nand immune response. Within the immune system, endocannabinoids function\r\nto protect and lubricate systems for optimal function. Additionally,\r\nthey play an important role in reliving symptoms of disease progression\r\nand pain.\r\n\r\nAlthough the effects of the ECS on the human immune system warrant far\r\nmore study, scientists currently know that targeted cannabinoids are a\r\npromising treatment for certain autoimmune diseases, such as [multiple\r\nsclerosis](https://www.leafly.com/explore/symptoms-multiple-sclerosis),\r\nParkinson's, lupus and arthritis. As a treatment, cannabinoids can often\r\nserve to [reduce inflammatory\r\nresponse](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023222) and provide\r\nincreased comfort for affected patients.\r\n\r\nHow Cannabinoids Affect Neural Function\r\n---------------------------------------\r\n\r\nCannabinoids have been scientifically proven to play an active role in\r\nmaintaining and regulating the processes of\r\n[neurogenesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis) and\r\n[neurodegeneration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration). In\r\nanimal trials, cannabinoids have alleviated symptoms of stroke and\r\ntraumatic head injuries. This provides an important link between\r\ncannabinoids and the immune system. The immune system is capable of\r\n[helping the body recover from\r\nstroke](http://nocamels.com/2012/04/can-the-immune-system-help-recovery-from-stroke/)\r\nbecause of its power to reduce inflammation in the central nervous\r\nsystem. With that in mind, it stands to reason that using cannabinoids\r\nto help decrease inflammation while also promoting the construction of\r\nnew neural pathways (neurogenesis) could go a long way toward supporting\r\nthe immune system's natural function and creating quicker stroke\r\nrecovery periods.\r\n\r\nCannabis can Help to Balance Different Functions of the Immune System\r\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nPredominantly, the body uses two immunity mechanisms to prevent disease\r\nand illness. These types are as follows:\r\n\r\n-   Cell-Mediated Immunity: [Cell-mediated\r\n    immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity) does\r\n    not utilize antibodies to fight disease. Instead, it relies upon the\r\n    creation and activation of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes known\r\n    as phagocytes. These phagocytes target various antigens by releasing\r\n    cytokines to neutralize the threat and restore the body to\r\n    normal function.\r\n-   Humoral Immunity: [Humoral\r\n    immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity) (also\r\n    known as antibody-mediated immunity) relies on the macromolecules\r\n    located in extracellular fluids to fight off antigens, unlike\r\n    cell-mediated immunity which involves T-lymphocytes.\r\n\r\nBecause the immune system is so complex, it's not altogether surprising\r\nthat it sometimes falls out of balance. Multiple sclerosis, for example,\r\nis an autoimmune disease that results from the cell-mediated immune\r\nsystem becoming overly active and targeting the body's brain and nervous\r\nsystem as if it were a dangerous antigen. Within M.S., the immune system\r\n[attacks the\r\nmyelin](http://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Definition-of-MS)\r\n(the fatty, protective coating) around nerve fibers, resulting in\r\nextensive scar tissue and damage. Over time, the buildup of scar tissue\r\nbegins to interrupt nerve impulses as they travel to and from the brain.\r\nThis, in turn, causes a loss of motor function and eventual paralysis in\r\nthe affected individual.\r\n\r\nUntil now, conditions like this had no known treatment or cure. But\r\nexcitingly, scientists have recently discovered that the ECS and various\r\ncannabinoids may actually help to [balance the various branches of the\r\nimmune system](http://www.jleukbio.org/content/74/4/486.full). This is\r\nimportant because when the immune system is overstimulated, autoimmune\r\ndiseases and dangerous allergic reactions such as food sensitivities,\r\noften occur. This is due to the fact that an overstimulated immune\r\nsystem treats even routine things, such as dust or pollen, as dangerous\r\nintruders and releases \"false alarms\" that tell the body to attack the\r\nallergen. When the immune system is under-stimulated, however, cancer\r\nand disastrous infections can easily arise. If cannabinoids can help\r\nbalance the immune system for optimal functionality, it stands to reason\r\nthat the rates of these adverse affects would be drastically decreased.\r\n\r\nUsing Cannabinoids to Produce Maximum Immune Function\r\n-----------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nWhile routine, recreational use of marijuana may have adverse affects on\r\nan individual's overall health and well-being, research from the\r\ntargeted use of cannabinoids for the purpose of boosting the immune\r\nsystem is overwhelmingly positive. In addition to [mitigating the\r\ninflammatory\r\nsymptoms](http://www.nature.com/nri/journal/v5/n5/execsumm/nri1602.html)\r\nof arthritis and various neural problems, cannabinoids have been shown\r\nto interact with the ECS in a way that helps promote maximum immune\r\nfunction and optimal health through various stages of life.\r\n\r\nAlthough the topic of [cannabinoids and the immune\r\nsystem](https://www.leafly.com/news/health/cannabinoids-and-the-immune-system-immuno-cannabinoid-effects)\r\nrequires further study and evaluation, scientists have already compiled\r\na large body of research, which is starting to reveal how cannabinoid\r\ncompounds can help the immune system function at optimal levels.\r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinabio/5018464550/in/photolist-8DsWES-rPoBxD-8TBHhz-2TE8mc-rdgb8i-8ShrY7-3HaE1D-gBPSn5-nqraLc-6LHN92-cSTreJ-dj2fyp-dj2dKu-hqbZr6-9fmykb-wwy9oW-9fmyiq-9fmygm-8TBFpX-bLTNrn-9fmy87-9nJdWS-9nKwYL-9nJdWL-fwf4c9-7iW5rQ-k64Wka-q662q4-9YW6Vn-fw123x-9YZ2g3-8J5tfV-hGcF7-bBo4VE-bQhFbX-9YZ27d-r3xtRR-r3kRzA-4x3HGv-dj2fwT-fw11VT-8QQzFx-8co7QK-j3Tpyi-qL7tA2-9Vkk72-dj2dLS-5REGXY-dj2fMp-whob4X)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.4598540145985401,"src":"/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/14b42/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/f836f/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.jpg 200w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/2244e/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.jpg 400w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/14b42/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.jpg 800w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/47498/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.jpg 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/58556/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/61e93/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.webp 200w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/1f5c5/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.webp 400w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/58556/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.webp 800w,\n/static/a7aa4b9bafd26ef330085c492aefc61e/99238/4eedb1393c0bf20a638b32f01a80c353.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1929-markdown","title":"Synthetic THC & Plant-Based Cannabis Products: Is There a Difference?","slug":"synthetic-thc-and-plant-based-cannabis-products-is-there-a-difference","content":"Cannabis research has led to the development of synthetic cannabinoids.\r\nThese lab-based alternatives to the naturally occurring cannabinoids\r\nfound in marijuana have been shown to help patients cope with pain,\r\nimprove appetite and reduce the effects of cancer treatment. But despite\r\ntheir chemical similarities, plant-based cannabinoids and synthetic\r\ncannabinoids are not the same.\r\n\r\nNatural Cannabinoids\r\n--------------------\r\n\r\nWhen research into the effects of cannabis began, scientists identified\r\nand isolated the plant's compounds to find those that may be beneficial.\r\nThey found that marijuana contains about [85 active\r\ncannabinoids](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866040/).\r\nTwo of these, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have\r\nbeen widely studied. They have been shown to:\r\n\r\n-   Increase appetite\r\n-   Decrease pain\r\n-   Reduce swelling and inflammation\r\n-   Control muscle spasms\r\n-   Reduce anxiety and depression\r\n\r\nSynthetic Cannabinoids\r\n----------------------\r\n\r\nAs a result of studies into the medical efficacy of cannabis, synthetic\r\nforms of these compounds were developed. The idea was to eliminate the\r\nnegative effects of the naturally occurring cannabinoids -- the high and\r\naddiction potential -- while improving the health benefits through\r\ndosage control and the removal of impurities.\r\n\r\nThe Federal Drug Administration has approved two synthetic THC\r\nmedications,\r\n[dronabinol](http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/05n0479/05N-0479-emc0004-04.pdf)\r\n(Marinol®) and\r\n[nabilone](http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nabilone# section=Top)\r\n(Cesamet®) for medical use. Dronabinol is approved for nausea and\r\nvomiting related to chemotherapy and as an appetite stimulant in AIDS\r\npatients. Nabilone is used to treat nausea and vomiting.\r\n\r\nOne is Not Like the Other\r\n-------------------------\r\n\r\nIsolating one single compound, however, eliminates any collaborative\r\neffects of the naturally occurring compounds. For example,\r\n[researchers](http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bne/129/3/368/) have\r\nreported that the antiemetic effects of THC are enhanced, and side\r\neffects are reduced, when taken with CBD. Another\r\n[study](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398831) found that the\r\ncombination of THC and CBD improved results of radiation treatment for\r\nglioma, a type of brain cancer. Similarly, Sativex, a cannabis\r\nplant-derived medication containing both THC and CBD, has been approved\r\nin Canada and other countries for treating pain and spasticity in\r\n[multiple\r\nsclerosis](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.327.9531&rep=rep1&type=pdf)\r\npatients.\r\n\r\nAnother problem with synthetic cannabinoids is delivery method. For\r\nexample, dronabinol, a gelatin capsule, is ingested. For those suffering\r\nfrom nausea or wasting, it may be difficult to keep pills down or to\r\nswallow them. Inhaled cannabinoids may offer an alternative.\r\n\r\nDelivery method also influences drug effects. With an ingested\r\ncannabinoid, onset of action is about 30 to 60 minutes after it is\r\ntaken. With inhaled medication, effects can be felt in minutes.\r\n\r\nMore research is needed into the symbiotic relationship of the naturally\r\noccurring cannabinoids and how they compare to the synthetic\r\nmedications. The most important goal is providing access to patients who\r\ncould benefit from medical marijuana because they are not getting relief\r\nfrom current medications.\r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/usdagov/8411815647/in/photolist-w2JakD-bXb3Ln-dPjKJg-8GSqfx-8GSosi-8GVwL9-8GVxWh-8GVAdL-8GVzMY-8GVzYj-51Addy-8GVwoA-51vYXP-51AdAG-51AcHA-51vYHr-51vZhF-51vZE8-51vYQK-8GVyN3-8GSojZ-8GVzcq-GRdZ5-8GVAyy-8GVyhN-8GVyqo-8GVxv9-8GSnRr-8GSpLe-8GSnKF-8GSoaP-8GVxmA-8GSriR-8GSqUn-8GSqJM-8GVAG7-8GSq58-8GVxMY-8GSscZ-51vYAz-51vZMk-51AcQb-51vZp2-51AdJy-8GVxFm-8GVApL-8GSpRZ-8GSpnt-8GSs4V-8GSpfr)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/14b42/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg","srcSet":"/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/f836f/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg 200w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/2244e/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg 400w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/14b42/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg 800w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/47498/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg 1200w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/159d9/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.jpg 1427w","srcWebp":"/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/58556/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/61e93/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp 200w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/1f5c5/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp 400w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/58556/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp 800w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/99238/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp 1200w,\n/static/8d0ebbdd8f030ffc2223a4b3b7d40457/7b5ea/3e4ca5ceefe362210ec8a953ac333d22.webp 1427w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1924-markdown","title":"Methods of Administering Medical Marijuana","slug":"methods-of-administering-medical-marijuana","content":"The number of methods of administration for cannabis can be daunting to patients who are new to the medication, but the availability of various methods of administration helps set medical marijuana apart from traditional pharmaceuticals.  Each administration method can be used for different condition or desired effect. \r\n\r\nSmoking\r\n-------------\r\nSmoking is the traditional method of marijuana administration.  Different strains can be chosen based on the desired outcome, but all products, when smoked, provide an almost immediate effect.  Due to the quick onset, it is easy to control the dosing when marijuana is smoked because the patients are able to feel the effect quickly and adjust dosing accordingly.  There are some concerns that have been sparked about smoking, due to the potential negative effects on the respiratory system when any product is smoked.  This concern can be decreased when patients use high potency products so less smoking is necessary to get the desired benefits of the medication. \r\n\r\nVaporization\r\n-----------------\r\nVaporization has quickly gained traction as a healthy alternative to smoking marijuana.  Vaporizing is less harmful than smoking because there are less byproducts due to the lower temperature used in the vaporizer. Vaporization provides the same quick relief as smoking because the product can enter the blood stream quickly. Vaporization is similar to the administration of an inhaler.  Both smoking and vaporization are good options for patients who need instant relief from issues such as pain from PMS, chronic pain, Fibromyalgia, and many other conditions.\r\n\r\nCannabis Oil/Tinctures\r\n------------------------------\r\nCannabis oils and tinctures are concentrates of marijuana that can either be added to products, such as food or drink, or be consumed on their own. Some oils are added to pill capsules and are swallowed like traditional medication.  Quality is very important in concentrates, particularly in oils. Until recently, methods for oil extraction often contaminated the oils with harmful products.  Now the cleanest method of oil extraction uses CO2, which results in a pure cannabis oil product.  Oils tend to be the method used to give high CBD medications to people with conditions like epilepsy because they can be very accurately dosed if they are properly made.  Tinctures, a concentration made with an alcohol base, tends to be slightly less potent than oils.  Tinctures and oils can be helpful for quick relief, accurate dosing, and to get the medication more directly to the gastrointestinal tract without consuming an edible. \r\n\r\nEdibles \r\n--------------------\r\nEdibles can be a tricky method of administration for medical cannabis.  It can be as long as one to two hours after consumption for the effects of a edible to be felt. Due to the slow onset time, and inaccurate labeling of products, edibles can be very hard to dose.  Most edibles do not contain the percentage of THC/CDB that is listed on the package, so edibles should be dosed in small amounts and patients should be cautious about consuming more of the edible if they do not feel effects as rapidly as they expect. Edibles, however, do tend to have longer lasting effects than other administration methods.  Edibles are often used for people with loss of appetite in Cancer, Anorexia, or AIDS to promote appetite. \r\n\r\nTopical\r\n-------------------\r\nTopicals are one of the lesser known forms of medical marijuana on the market, but they are very helpful for people with inflammation and pain.  Topicals are absolutely free from any physco-active properties, making them a great choice for first time users.  Topical products allow people to experience the pain relief from cannabis without the potential side effects of ingesting too much of a cannabis product. Topicals are particular helpful for people who have Arthritis, Fibromyalgia, or similar pain issues.  \r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/46434953@N07/8617919882/in/photolist-e8x6ky-4fQ6Jq-92P4iu-948wrL-tCmafT-aYS9JR-9cWQdE-fs5xq-7ZrYJi-5qyoom-pXUKSd-jSDaqu-5QVWPQ-fsA5BG-nXTjv9-hiiggS-p5Su1e-9jjEYG-b6C4ZR-4ntqiQ-gVfpJw-fQwnYj-mckKnT-dNgyA5-oaQebG-9Bcfce-6ysF1-nQMNQC-7LFiK8-t1QbRT-sG4B-67Jrva-agXYLE-aRuzG-8WGDYA-4AZ1nY-auuTZD-agXYPL-baSgkD-4HbUS-8t8jA4-qEW2J7-ox93kw-iYrqbE-6kTS1G-cs8HdL-sVb1u-4dzSTz-mtVXTR-b1DMqP)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/14b42/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.jpg","srcSet":"/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/f836f/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.jpg 200w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/2244e/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.jpg 400w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/14b42/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.jpg 800w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/47498/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.jpg 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/58556/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/61e93/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.webp 200w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/1f5c5/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.webp 400w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/58556/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.webp 800w,\n/static/04fe4f63053246345a2c57e2f06b0ccb/99238/f0e7ff81ac2c98bc31814c39127602d9.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1893-markdown","title":"Has Cachexia Met Its Match in Medical Marijuana?","slug":"has-cachexia-met-its-match-in-medical-marijuana","content":"What is Cachexia?\r\n-----------------\r\n\r\nCachexia is a condition characterized by extreme, unintentional weight\r\nloss combined with loss of muscle mass that cannot be completely\r\nexplained by lowered intake of calories. Often, increasing food intake\r\nhas no effect, and anorexia is commonly seen in conjunction with this\r\ncondition.\r\n\r\nCachexia is primarily associated with cancer and HIV/AIDS, but may also\r\nbe seen in cases of congestive heart failure, tuberculosis, COPD,\r\nrheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic diseases. It may also occur in\r\nthe elderly without any accompanying disease.\r\n\r\nFifty percent to 80 percent of cancer patients will develop cachexia,\r\nusually but not always during the final stages. Whatever the cause,\r\npatients suffering cachexia have a higher mortality rate than those\r\nwithout.\r\n\r\nSynthetic Cannabis Derivatives for Cachexia are FDA Approved\r\n------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nBack in 1985, the FDA approved\r\n[Dronabinol](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a607054.html),\r\na synthetic THC derivative, to help treat wasting associated with\r\nHIV/AIDS. In studies, oral intake of 5 mg twice daily did increase the\r\nappetite of patients, leading to increased weight gain. Dronabinol,\r\nunder the brand name Marinol, has since been prescribed to combat\r\nchemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients with some\r\nsuccess. However, Dronabinol is prohibitively expensive to most patients.\r\n\r\nIngested Medical Marijuana for Cachexia\r\n---------------------------------------\r\n\r\nA 2007 [study by researchers at Columbia\r\nUniversity](http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2007&issue=08150&article=00009&type=abstract),\r\nfound that orally administered medical marijuana significantly\r\nstimulated the appetite of AIDS patients suffering from cachexia,\r\nincreasing calorie intake and promoting weight gain. A second study in\r\n2011 found that ingested THC increased appetite in cancer patients by 64\r\npercent. THC-dominant varieties of marijuana are the most successful in\r\ntreating cachexia, and research suggests that THC itself may be the\r\neffective compound. The evidence is clear that cannabis has a beneficial\r\neffect for patients suffering from cachexia.\r\n\r\nOral and sublingual preparations appear to be the most effective route\r\nfor administration. Today there are many different types of ingestible\r\ncannabis-infused products that are very effective, including lozenges and\r\neven lollipops for patients who may have difficulty with solid foods.\r\nSublingual drops or sprays are also an option. For those with no other\r\nserious health issues, vaporizing or smoking may be a possibility, but\r\nthe other side effects of smoked marijuana make edibles a more\r\nattractive option.\r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/perspective/7628109884/in/photolist-cC54iW-nr2pe3-ueAoWT-mXpmLh-bmaBLF-cC5CKY-cC5eEJ-cC55ZC-cC51mu-cC4NRh-cC5Bx7-cC5zXN-cC65Dq-cC5yeN-cC5wG5-cC5v7Y-cC53od-cC52iC-mXndMg-7T8sQn-67n8kC-mXnstc-dFeBaW-nKiyWp-KofQ6-sgQ2XZ-nr2vAw-h6Dp61-ffTXYb-ffTeEJ-nHugvo-78VnUD-cC5du9-mXpfrd-mXncuM-ffU5UC-ffU4fL-f7Z9QU-f7JUv2-nFtrA9-nFtqCs-rXuYAr-kUuFXt-drtDdi-e5iYKQ-rzXydS-kZDUBD-dGruMr-ftN7ov-rp46yL)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/14b42/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg","srcSet":"/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/f836f/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg 200w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/2244e/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg 400w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/14b42/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg 800w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/47498/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg 1200w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/a6974/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.jpg 1536w","srcWebp":"/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/58556/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/61e93/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp 200w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/1f5c5/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp 400w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/58556/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp 800w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/99238/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp 1200w,\n/static/64a071821b88811c5863f574168c78ff/d5052/32a074726b2a8277ea23c7b058143fdd.webp 1536w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1869-markdown","title":"How Medical Marijuana Alleviates Symptoms Of HIV/AIDS","slug":"how-medical-marijuana-alleviates-symptoms-of-hivaids","content":"Back in the 1980s and 1990s, when the HIV/AIDS epidemic was at its\r\npeak, patients and their loved ones were desperate to find anything to\r\nameliorate the symptoms of the disease. Wasting is a common symptom of AIDS. When medical marijuana was found to help reduce nausea and vomiting, it became an issue of patients\r\nrights far and wide.\r\n\r\nCannabis and AIDS-Related Wasting\r\n---------------------------------\r\n\r\nPatients' life expectancy improved with the advent of antiretrovirals,\r\nsuch as AZT, but some of the most common side effects of these medications are nausea and\r\nvomiting. These are often severe enough to compromise medication\r\nadherence, and contribute to further wasting. Patients found that marijuana both\r\nreduced nausea and stimulated appetite, increasing the amount of\r\ncalories they consumed and preventing excessive weight loss.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, a [study by Columbia\r\nUniversity](http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2007&issue=08150&article=00009&type=abstract)\r\nbacked up the anecdotal evidence. Researchers found that both orally\r\nadministered and smoked cannabis significantly stimulated appetite,\r\nincreasing the caloric intake of HIV/AIDS patients. \r\n\r\nThat same year, researchers at San Francisco General Hospital and the\r\nUniversity of California's Pain Clinical Research Center found that\r\n[cannabis reduced neuropathic\r\npain](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cannabis+in+painful+HIV-associated+sensory+neuropathy%3A+a+randomized+placebo-controlled+trial.)\r\nby some 34 percent, and that it was comparable to pharmaceuticals\r\ncurrently used to treat neuropathy. This finding was validated in a\r\n[2008\r\nstudy](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Smoked+medicinal+cannabis+for+neuropathic+pain+in+HIV%3A+a+randomized%2C+crossover+clinical+trial)\r\nfrom the University of California. \r\n\r\nOral Usage May Be Most Effective for Nausea\r\n--------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe nausea and vomiting associated with HIV/AIDS and the medications\r\nused to treat these symptoms are linked to the enteric nervous system,\r\nwhich controls the gastrointestinal tract. Cannabinoids act on receptors\r\nin the enteric nervous system to ameliorate symptoms. While inhaled\r\ncannabis may be more effective in combating neuropathic pain, oral\r\ndosage appears to be most effective in managing nausea, vomiting, and\r\nloss of appetite.\r\n\r\nOral administration offers a variety of possibilities. Cannabis has\r\nhistorically been added to sweets, such as candy, brownies and cookies,\r\nin an effort to appeal to those with little or no appetite. However,\r\neven lollipops can be effective for those who experience problems with\r\nsolid food. \r\n\r\nMedical marijuana can be extremely beneficial for those living with\r\nHIV/AIDS. Even low doses of THC-heavy cannabis help stimulate appetite\r\nand reduce weight loss.\r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/87296837@N00/9180874836)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/14b42/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.jpg","srcSet":"/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/f836f/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.jpg 200w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/2244e/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.jpg 400w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/14b42/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.jpg 800w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/16310/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.jpg 1024w","srcWebp":"/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/58556/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/61e93/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.webp 200w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/1f5c5/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.webp 400w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/58556/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.webp 800w,\n/static/b6ae24e64a1eabf7d9ad81d39a6f39d5/cc834/4cf657e3dd8e5641e0f9ceac32ebc66c.webp 1024w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_1883-markdown","title":"Medical Marijuana Provides Relief for HIV/AIDS Symptoms","slug":"medical-marijuana-provides-relief-for-hivaids-symptoms","content":"The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus that leads to\r\nAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV invades the cells of\r\nhuman beings, weakening the immune system and making the victim highly\r\nsusceptible to opportunistic infections. According to\r\n[statistics](http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics.html) from the\r\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 50,000\r\npeople contract HIV each year, while there are about 35 million people\r\nliving with HIV worldwide as of 2013.\r\n\r\nCannabis as Treatment\r\n---------------------\r\n\r\nThe use of medical marijuana or cannabis by those with HIV/AIDS dates as\r\nfar back as the early 1970s, especially in the San Francisco area where\r\nHIV/AIDS was prevalent. It was put into candy, brownies and cookies to\r\nhelp stimulate the appetite of HIV patients. Cannabis was successfully\r\nused to manage the wasting syndrome associated with HIV/AIDS, which\r\ninvariably resulted in severe weight loss prior to the advent of\r\nprotease-inhibitor drugs. Protease inhibitors block the activity of the\r\nprotease enzyme used by the HIV virus to wreak havoc on the immune\r\nsystem. AIDS wasting syndrome further weakened already sick victims,\r\nleaving them even more vulnerable to the effects of opportunistic\r\ninfections.\r\n\r\nCannabis served as an alternative form of medication for this condition,\r\ndue to its ability to stimulate appetite and to help in the management\r\nof other AIDS/HIV symptoms. [Clinical\r\ntests](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9692378) on the safety of\r\ncannabis on HIV/AIDS patients include the one conducted in 1999 at the\r\nUniversity of San Francisco which demonstrated that cannabis did not\r\ninterfere with the effectiveness of protease inhibitors when inhaled,\r\nand actually helped them gain weight.\r\n\r\nHopeful Developments\r\n--------------------\r\n\r\nIn 1992, the Food and Drug Administration\r\n[approved](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a607054.html)\r\nthe use of Dronabinol, a drug that is chiefly composed of synthetic THC,\r\none of the active compounds found in medical marijuana. A [clinical\r\ntrial](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1666930) in 1991 prior to the\r\napproval of the drug showed that more than 70% of those administered\r\nwith the drug gained weight. The only problem was that the oral method\r\nof administration was not as effective as the inhalation method, which\r\nallowed for faster absorption.\r\n\r\nA [clinical study](http://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/images/pdfs/Abrams_2007.pdf)\r\nwas conducted between 2003 and 2005 by the University of California San\r\nDiego in the United States to determine the effect of smoked cannabis on\r\nHIV-associated pain (HIV-SN). It showed that cannabis effectively\r\nrelieved HIV-related chronic neuropathic pain. According to an\r\n[interview](http://www.truthonpot.com/2012/11/29/exclusive-interview-with-dr-donald-abrams-aids-pain-and-cannabis-expert/)\r\nwith the chief of oncology at San Francisco General Hospital, Dr. Donald\r\nAbrams, inhaled cannabis can help manage the painful neuropathy\r\nassociated with HIV/AIDS.\r\n\r\nCannabis has been shown as an effective palliative treatment for the\r\nsymptoms of HIV/AIDS in many clinical trials. It now remains to be seen\r\nwhether those clinical results will lead to a change in the law that\r\ncurrently lists marijuana as a controlled substance.\r\n\r\n[Photo Credit.](https://www.flickr.com/photos/22526649@N03/15440604649)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.7857142857142858,"src":"/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/14b42/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.jpg","srcSet":"/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/f836f/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.jpg 200w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/2244e/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.jpg 400w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/14b42/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.jpg 800w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/16310/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.jpg 1024w","srcWebp":"/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/58556/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/61e93/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.webp 200w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/1f5c5/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.webp 400w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/58556/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.webp 800w,\n/static/1f94b7803dd3c9d3354e311771f8d749/cc834/67a94b1191f417691cb7435555d9504b.webp 1024w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":0,"numPages":1,"currentPage":1,"id":5348,"name":"Hiv/Aids","slug":"hivaids","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}